VST OneTrack Specifikace Strana 1

- 1 - TSSVVfor WindowsCUBASECUBASEGetting into the DetailsGetting into the Details

- 10 - 1How Cubase VST handles audio and MIDI 2

- 100 - The Do pop-up menuThis pop-up menu is found on the Status Bar, next to the Goto pop-up. It contains some special functions to make editing and

- 101 - RepeatThis function is used to repeat a section of the Part until the end of the Part. You de-fine the "repeat cycle" by setting the

- 102 - An ExampleThis example shows one way to use the To and Do pop-ups in conjunction. Let’s say you want one and a half bars of short, staccato-li

- 103 - The Info LineThe Info Line is the area directly above the main display in the Key, Drum and Score editors.You use the Info Line for precise, n

- 104 - Quantize and Snap ValuesThe Quantize and Snap values work exactly like in the Arrange Window (see the Getting Started book). However, there ar

- 105 - Creating Note EventsYou can paint new notes into the active Part using different Toolbox tools. Which tools are available depends on what edit

- 106 - Velocity and MIDI Channel values for Created Notes When you draw or paint notes, you can give them one of four fixed velocity values by holding

- 107 - Editing NotesTo edit the values of a note in detail, select it and edit on the Info Line (as described on page 103 in this chapter) or make th

- 108 - ● It might be hard to determine whether you have the pointer inside a note or not. To avoid painting in new Events, hold down [Alt] on the co

- 109 - Deleting EventsEvents can be deleted in several ways:• Select them and select Delete Events from the Edit menu.or• Use the Delete command on t

- 11 - Why you should read this Chapter This chapter contains some details and background theory about how Cubase VST handles audio and MIDI, as wel

- 110 - Creating and Editing Continuous DataIn Key and Drum Edit, there are special displays for graphical editing of Events other than notes. These i

- 111 - Selecting Non-standard Controller TypesThe data type pop-up menu lists only the most common Continuous Controllers. If you want to view and ed

- 112 - Selecting Non-Note EventsClick with the Arrow tool to select Events in the Controller Display. To select sev-eral Events, you may hold down th

- 113 - 10Step Recording 11

- 114 - IntroductionStep Input is when you enter notes one at a time (or one chord at a time). This is useful when you know the part you want to recor

- 115 - Setting the Position for the first noteTo set the position where you want the first note to appear, adjust the regular Song Position (for exampl

- 116 - Adding RestsTo move one step without entering any notes, press the [Tab] key on the computer keyboard.Changing note values and positions as yo

- 117 - If you make a mistakeIf for example you entered a note with the wrong pitch or made a mistake when playing a chord, press [Backspace]. This de

- 118 - Using the Insert buttonIf the Insert button on the Status Bar is activated, the notes are inserted rather than added. That is, any existing no

- 119 - 11Key Edit 12

- 12 - Mono/Stereo A stereo recording occupies two consecutive channels. If you for example make a stereo recording on channels “3+4”, this single r

- 120 - About this “Chapter”You do not find any additional information here because Key Edit is a very straight-forward editor. We have therefore used

- 121 - 12Drum Edit and Drum Tracks 13

- 122 - About Drum Tracks and Drum PartsIn MIDI instruments, drum sounds most often are separated by being placed on dif-ferent keys, i.e. assigned to

- 123 - About Drum MapsA Drum Map consists of settings for 64 drum sounds, from now on called Sounds. For each Sound you may define the following value

- 124 - ● Since you use the Drum Map in Cubase VST to redirect certain note numbers (the ones that you play, the I-notes) to other note numbers (the o

- 125 - About Output and MIDI ChannelYou can set separate Outputs and MIDI Channel for each Sound in the Drum Map. This allows you to use sounds from

- 126 - Setting up a Drum MapOpening the Drum EditorDrum Maps are created and edited in the Drum Edit window. Open the editor like this:1. Select a Dr

- 127 - 3. Choose an unused Sound and change its O-Note value until you find a sound you want to include in your Drum Map.Each time you change the O-No

- 128 - Making parameter settings via MIDIThe I-Note, O-Note and Lev.1–4 parameters can be set using your MIDI controller, which often is a lot easier

- 129 - Editing Drum Parts in the Drum EditorInputting Notes with the Drum StickThe Drum Stick tool is Drum Edit’s equivalent of the Pencil tool in Ke

- 13 - This situation extends to stereo recordings. If one Track records in stereo, on for ex-ample channels 3+4, both these channels are occupied w

- 130 - ● Note that the Quant value only applies when you create notes. When you Quantize notes, the regular Quantize value on the Status Bar applies

- 131 - Velocity ValuesYou can give the notes one of four “levels” (velocity values), by holding down keys on the computer keyboard while you are draw

- 132 - QuantizingQuantizing Events in the Drum editor works just like quantizing in any other editor, with one exception:• If the To menu is set to S

- 133 - Editing MIDI Parts in Drum EditYou may also edit regular MIDI Parts in Drum Edit, by selecting the Part(s) and se-lecting Drum Edit from the E

- 134 - Converting between MIDI and Drum PartsYou may at any time change a MIDI Track to a Drum Track and vice versa. When you change the Track class,

- 135 - 13List Edit 14

- 136 - The Columns in the ListIn List Edit, you can view and edit most of the various Event Types in all of Cubase VST’s different Track Classes. The

- 137 - MIDI and Drum TracksCommon to the various Event types, are the Start Position, Length and Chn param-eters. As you expected, these show where a

- 138 - Editing System Exclusive MessagesA complete package of System Exclusive data is shown as one Event in the List. The first part of the message i

- 139 - Special EventsThese, like Mixer Events, are not really MIDI Events, but rather Events used inter-nally in Cubase VST. Therefore they have no M

- 14 - Audio Segments and Events - Non-Destructive Editing Cubase VST is a random access based, non-destructive audio recording system – and even if

- 140 - Creating Events1. Use the Insert pop-up menu to decide what type of Event to Insert.2. Set the Snap value to the smallest position you want to

- 141 - Editing in the ListThe positions and values of Events can be edited in the List, using the regular pro-cedures. There are some things to note:

- 142 - Editing in the Event DisplayMoving EventsYou can use the Arrow tool to move Events in the Event Display, much like in Key or Drum Edit.However

- 143 - Changing the Lengths of NotesYou can click inside a Note Event and drag it to the desired length, using the Pencil tool. The new length is sho

- 144 - Hiding EventsYou might not want to see all types of Events in the list. If you for example are only interested in editing Program Change, then

- 145 - Using MaskYou can Mask Out certain Events in List Edit. This goes beyond the Display Filters in two ways:• Masking really hides Events from an

- 146 - 2. Pull down the Mask menu and select “Mask It”.Unmasking Events• To make all Events visible and possible to change, pull down the Mask menu a

- 147 - About Quantizing and FunctionsIn List Edit, you can use all the Functions on the main Functions menu, but many of them, like quantizing, only

- 148 - 14Score Edit 15

- 149 - About this ChapterThis is a brief description of some of the editing features specific to Score Edit. We will not deal with score printing or t

- 15 - Audio Events To actually play back a segment in your Song, you need to place an Audio Event in the Song. Each Audio Event plays a certain s

- 150 - OverviewScore Edit displays your music as regular notation. Below you will find a descrip-tion of some of Score Edit’s main features:• If you a

- 151 - Getting the Score displayed correctlyTime SignatureScore Edit always uses the Time Signatures specified in the Master Track.Staff SettingsWhen

- 152 - Key and ClefThe correct Key and Clef are set using the two scroll bars in the Key & Clef section.Staff ModeThis pop-up determines how the

- 153 - Display QuantizeNotes are not an absolute language, and you must give the program a few hints on how the score should be displayed. This is do

- 154 - FlagsThese provide additional options for how the score should be displayed:Parameter DescriptionClean LengthsWhen this is activated, notes th

- 155 - Closing the Dialog• When you are done with the settings, close the dialog, by clicking the OK button.This applies the settings to the active S

- 156 - The Active StaffJust as in the other editors, all MIDI input (as when recording from your instru-ment) is directed to one of the Tracks, here

- 157 - Manipulating NotesThere are a few special features for manipulating notes:Moving Notes• Use the two mouse boxes to determine where to place no

- 158 - When you change Quantize value, or click on a note button on the Toolbar, the shapes of the Note and Rest tools are changed.Joining NotesThe G

- 159 - Flip StemsBy selecting this item from the pop-up Do menu or by pressing [Alt]+[Control]-[X] on the computer keyboard, you change the stem dire

- 16 - MIDI Inputs Cubase VST records from all active MIDI Inputs at the same time. In essence, this means you don’t have to care about selecting or

- 160 - 3. When you have set up the chord, click OK.A chord symbol appears at the position where you clicked.Editing chordsOnce a chord is in place, y

- 161 - ● On your font menu you will also find the Cubase font. This is not intended for text, but for the non-text symbols used in the score.Cutting a

- 162 - Printing● If you have Cubase Score VST or Cubase Audio VST, you should also refer to the chapter “Printing and Exporting Pages” in the “Score

- 163 - 15Logical Edit 16

- 164 - Why Should I Use Logical Edit?Most of the time you will probably perform your MIDI editing graphically, from one of the main graphic editors.

- 165 - Working with PresetsIn the lower left corner is the Preset section of Logical Edit. A Preset includes all the settings in Logical Edit. For ex

- 166 - Applying Ready-made PresetsTo apply a Preset from Logical Edit, proceed as follows:1. Select a Preset from the pop-up menu.The Logical Presets

- 167 - UndoThis undoes the last Function you “applied”.Selecting Easy or Expert ModeLogical Edit can be switched between two modes, Easy and Expert.

- 168 - Functions, Quantize and Do ItIn the bottom section of the dialog is a pop-up menu where you select what type of functions to actually perform.

- 169 - Setting up FiltersIn Easy mode, there are four columns in the Filter area of the dialog box.Event TypeThe first column is called Event Type. Th

- 17 - How Cubase VST records MIDI Channel data Each MIDI Event that Cubase VST records has a MIDI Channel number.If for example you set your MIDI k

- 170 - About the Following three columns (Easy Mode)For each of the next three columns in the Filter section there is one condition pop-up and two va

- 171 - Value FieldsYou use these to specify value(s) for the condition. The exact meaning of the values is different for each Event type:Value 2This

- 172 - ChannelThis is the MIDI Channel stored with the Event, not the one set for the Part. See page 17 for a detailed explanation.ConditionThis is e

- 173 - Applying a FilterJust setting up the filters is enough for some very complex Logical Editing. Proceed as follows:1. Open Logical Edit from the

- 174 - Setting Up for ProcessingIf you decide to Process Events (Transform existing or Insert new Events) you must decide how the Events that pass th

- 175 - Value 1For the Value 1 Column you have a number of different Operators:Value 2Value 2’s Operators are practically identical to Value 1. There’

- 176 - ChannelYou can also process the MIDI Channel of the Event. The Channel Operator menu only has five options, identical to the same items on the

- 177 - The next example converts Aftertouch into Modulation wheel Events.The last example allows you to make up a bass drum part that exactly follows

- 178 - Processing FunctionsTo use the Processing functions, proceed as follows:1. Open Logical Edit from the Arrange window or from the editors, depe

- 179 - Expert ModeWhen you switch Logical Edit to Expert Mode (by clicking the “Expert” button) you get two more columns in the Filter and Processing

- 18 - Rechannelizing – The MIDI Channel setting for the TrackWhen you play back a recording, you want it to be routed to a certain sound in one of yo

- 180 - Bar Range ExampleCheck out the settings above. If you have a snare drum playing on the key C#1, this setting will allow you to pin-point all s

- 181 - Additional Processing ColumnsThe Processing section also gets two new columns in Expert mode.Additional OperatorsIn Expert Mode, the Value 1 a

- 182 - 16Filtering and Mapping MIDI Data 17

- 183 - IntroductionCubase VST has a number of real time features for filtering out MIDI data and for converting one type of MIDI data into another. Th

- 184 - By MIDI ChannelYou might also want to filter out all Events that are coming in on a certain MIDI Channel. If you for example are transmitting d

- 185 - Thru FiltersThere might be situations where you want to have MIDI Thru active (see the Get-ting Started book), but still don’t want one certai

- 186 - Mapping Controller MessagesThere might be situations where you want one Control Change message to “mas-querade” for another. For example, you

- 187 - The Input TransformerThis function (reached from the Options menu) is used to selectively filter out and change data that is coming in to Cubas

- 188 - Selecting and ActivatingThe buttons labelled 1-4 at the bottom of the window are used to decide which of the four transformers should be displ

- 189 - 2. Fix Velocity This Transformation makes all notes have velocity 100, regardless of how you play. It is easy to change the output velocity va

- 19 - Turning off Rechannelization – MIDI Channel “Any”There’s one situation where you might not want rechannelizing and that’s when you have a Track

- 190 - 17GM/GS/XG Edit 18

- 191 - About this chapterThe GM/GS/XG Editor is thoroughly described in the Getting Started book. There-fore, this chapter contains only brief refere

- 192 - The Device sectionProgram name This item opens a hierarchical pop-up menu with the 128 GM sounds divided into instrument type groups on sub-me

- 193 - The Effects section (GS/XG only)The third section is not shown at all in GM mode. It contains the following global settings for the reverb and

- 194 - 18The Input/Output Bus System 19

- 195 - IntroductionThe bus system in Cubase VST allows you to take full advantage of audio cards with multiple inputs and outputs, by providing a com

- 196 - If you do not have an audio card with several ins and outsEven if you are using Cubase VST with a standard Windows audio card, the new bus sys

- 197 - 3. Activate the Inputs you need, by clicking on their buttons in the middle column.The buttons lights up, indicating that the Inputs are activ

- 198 - Recording from an InputWhen you record audio in Cubase VST, you need to decide from which input you want to record. This can be done in the In

- 199 - 6. Open the Monitor mixer window.Note that the Input button/popup in the Inspector is duplicated for each audio channel in the Monitor window.

- 2 - Operation Manual by Ernst Nathorst-Böös, Ludvig CarlsonDocumentation Quality Control: Dave Nicholson, Anja Kramer, Andrea MenkeThe information

- 20 - 2Stereo, Multi Channel and Multi Track Recording 3

- 200 - Activating and routing BusesAs with Inputs, you need to activate the Buses you want to use, and assign each Bus to an output pair on your audi

- 201 - 3. Use the popup menus at the bottom of the window to route each active Bus to an output pair on your audio card.● Two Buses cannot be connect

- 202 - Sends and EffectsThe four effect sends for each audio channel can now either be routed to any of the built-in VST effects, or directly to one

- 203 - 4. Click on the button below the Send Level knob to pull down the Send Routing popup menu.This popup menu contains the eight VST effects, all

- 204 - Routing the Effect Outputs to BusesThe stereo outputs of the Mixer Effects can now be routed independently to any of the output Buses:1. Open

- 205 - An example setupIn this example, we will set up an Audio Track for playback, route one of the effect sends to an individual output, connected

- 206 - 9. Go back to the Monitor window and click on the Mute button for the played back audio channel.Since “Pre” is activated for the effect send,

- 207 - 19The Audio Pool 20

- 208 - IntroductionJust as you can use the Windows 95 Explorer to manage your files and folders, you use the Pool to manage your audio segments and fil

- 209 - Displaying SegmentsFor one FileTo display/hide the segments belonging to one file, click on the triangle preceding the file.For all Files• To Sh

- 21 - Stereo audio recordingStereo recording only applies to audio Tracks and has no relevance for MIDI data.Setting a Track to stereoThis is done in

- 210 - The Headings and ColumnsFor each file/segment you have a number of information and setting fields. The names for these are displayed in two rows

- 211 - Customizing the ViewHiding HeadingsIf you don’t need the Headings at the top of the window you can hide them using the “Hide/Show” item on the

- 212 - ● Please remember that if you have meter position format selected, the End In-set and Length values are tempo dependent. That is, if you chang

- 213 - File OperationsRenaming a FileTo rename a file, proceed as follows:1. Double click on the existing name, or select the file and press [Alt]-[Ctr

- 214 - Deleting FilesRemoving from PoolIf you want to remove one or more files from the Pool without actually deleting them from the hard disk, procee

- 215 - Replacing a File in the PoolThere are situations when you may want to replace an audio file in the Pool with another, but keep all segments tha

- 216 - Handling “Missing Files”When you open a Song, you may get a warning that one or more files are “miss-ing”. If you click Ignore, the Song will o

- 217 - Creating Wave Images and Keeping them up to dateWith each audio file goes an image, a picture of the waveform for display in various places in

- 218 - Segment OperationsThe Pool allows you to create new segments, slightly or drastically different from those you already have in your Song, and

- 219 - Deleting segmentsDeleting one or several segments from the Pool1. Select the segment(s).Selecting more than one segment is done just as with a

- 22 - • The Channel pop-up (reached from the Inspector and the Chn column in the Track list) lists the two channels as a stereo pair.From this point

- 220 - Deleting Unused Portions of Audio Files (Erase Unused)“Erase Unused” allows you to “trim” down your Audio files so that they only con-tain the

- 221 - 2. Select the “Erase Unused” command from the pop-up menu.A dialog box will display how much of the original audio file will be kept, and ask y

- 222 - Importing Audio Files into the PoolFrom the Pool you can import files created by other programs, or files you have cre-ated in another Cubase VS

- 223 - Dragging Segments into Other WindowsIntroductionTo move segments into other windows, Cubase uses drag and drop techniques. You can do the foll

- 224 - Dragging into the Arrange WindowWhen you drag into the Arrange window, you must release the segment on an Au-dio Track. When you do this, you

- 225 - Preparing File Archives and “Masters”Prepare ArchiveThis function on the Pool File pop-up menu takes all the audio files used in the Song (or,

- 226 - Using Prepare MasterProceed as follows:1. Make sure your Song is saved.After the operation, the Song is altered, so this is an important step

- 227 - Saving and Loading the PoolThe Pool is automatically saved with the Song. However, by using the Load and Save Pool commands on the pop-up File

- 228 - 20The Audio Editor 21

- 229 - IntroductionThe Audio editor is your main environment for editing, trimming and assembling audio recordings into finished Tracks.Many of the te

- 23 - The Mixer and Stereo Channel PairsAs described above, a stereo channel pair is indicated in the Monitor Mixer window by a “banner” at the top.

- 230 - LanesWhen you first open the Audio editor you will note that it is divided horizontally into something we call “Lanes”.Lanes bear some resembla

- 231 - When Editing a Stereo Track• Stereo recordings occupy two lanes. These two lanes use one audio chan-nel each. Otherwise editing stereo Tracks

- 232 - When Editing Several TracksIf you open several Parts on different Tracks at the same time in the Audio editor you will also get Lanes with mul

- 233 - Finding Out How Events compete for Audio ChannelsIn case there is one recording that doesn’t play back as intended, you may want to check whet

- 234 - About Zero CrossingsIf you are familiar with audio editing from other digital systems you will know that splicing two audio files together migh

- 235 - Zero Crossing ExampleHere, an Event has been split in two places, with Snap to Zero off. When the two sections are moved together...the res

- 236 - Customizing the ViewThere are a number of features you can use to tailor the Audio editor view to your liking:The View MenuThe View pop-up men

- 237 - Dynamic EventsIf this item is activated, the lower half of each Event displays one of these three al-ternatives:• The Volume curve for the Eve

- 238 - Time/Meter Scale and Ruler and Position FormatsTime/Meter ScaleBy clicking the Meter Scale button you can decide if the display and the ruler

- 239 - Using Color in the Audio EditorThe Events in the Audio editor can be displayed in color to help you distinguish be-tween audio channels, etc.

- 24 - Multi Channel Recording - Channel “Any”● Multi channel recording can be used on any system but is most useful to those with cards with more tha

- 240 - Recording in the Audio editorRecording from within the Audio editor is no different from recording in the Ar-range window. If you are editing

- 241 - Importing Audio FilesYou can import files created by other programs. You can also import files you have created in another Cubase VST Song.File

- 242 - Auditioning and ScrubbingThere are a number of techniques for monitoring Events, to aid you in finding posi-tions for editing operations:Auditi

- 243 - To set the desired length of the played section, proceed like this:1. Hold down [Control] on the computer keyboard.2. Click on the Speaker ico

- 244 - Changing Start and End InsetsEach Event has a Start and End Inset which represent the Segment start point in the audio file, and its length. Ha

- 245 - About the Inset settings• The Inset value is in ticks. There are 384 ticks for each beat (quarter note) which means that when you change the I

- 246 - Changing the End InsetThis is done just as changing the Start Inset, only you click or drag in the “lower right corner” of the waveform. Chang

- 247 - Working with Q-PointsIntroductionWhy Q-points?Each Event has a Q-point that is used for snapping the Event to musical positions.The concept be

- 248 - AutomaticallyFor newly created Events the Q-point is set automatically as follows:When you do this: The Q-point is set at:Record with Prerecor

- 249 - Adding and Editing Match PointsWhat are Match Points?Match points, or M-Points, are “markers” within an Audio Event, used to indicate significa

- 25 - 4. For the two channels you plan to record on, click the corresponding Record Enable button in the Inspector.The Record Enable buttons will cha

- 250 - Adding M-Points AutomaticallyCubase VST can automatically analyse the Audio Event for you, find the “impor-tant” positions and create M-Points:

- 251 - Editing M-PointsSometimes you may want to move Match Points to make them better coincide with the beats in the audio. It may for example happe

- 252 - Moving Audio EventsBy DraggingAudio Events are moved just like other objects in Cubase:1. Select the Arrow Tool.2. Select all Events you want

- 253 - Moving By “Kicking”You can “Kick” an Event one Snap value at a time, forward or backwards in time. 1. Select the hand from the Toolbox. 2. Set

- 254 - Creating Ghost Copies (No new Segments)1. Select the Event(s) you want to duplicate.2. Hold down [Control] and drag to the new position.Everyt

- 255 - Repeating Any Section of AudioBy combining a few commands in the Audio editor, you can repeat any section of audio:1. Set up the Loop so that

- 256 - Quantizing Audio EventsQuantizing Audio Parts allows you to adjust the positions of your events, just like you adjust the positions of MIDI no

- 257 - Over Quantize (without processing)This moves the Events in the selected Parts, so that their Q-points line up with the selected Quantize value

- 258 - 2. In the Arrange Window, select the Match Quantize tool.3. Drag the Audio Part and release it on top of the MIDI Part.A dialog appears, askin

- 259 - Using an Audio Part to Quantize another Audio PartThis is a combination of the two above procedures:1. Create Match Points for the Events in b

- 26 - Multi Track RecordingWhat can I do with Multi Track Recording?• Multi Track Recording allows you to record several players at the same time and

- 260 - 3. With the Event selected, pull down the Do pop-up menu and select “Quantize at M-Points”.This instructs the program to move each M-Point in

- 261 - Deleting EventsAudio Events are deleted just as Parts in the Arrange window or Events in a MIDI Editor.● Deleting an Event does not delete its

- 262 - Working with Grouped EventsIf two Events are grouped, a number of operations that you carry out on one of them are applied equally to all. Exa

- 263 - • If you move, duplicate or Quantize, the Q-point of the top (or first) Event is used for determining where the Event should wind up.Changing Q

- 264 - Muting EventsUsing the Mute ToolUsing the Mute tool in the Toolbox you can mute an Event. This silences it until you unmute it again.Erase Mut

- 265 - Splitting EventsUsing the Scissors ToolTo split one Event up into more, proceed as follows:1. Decide if you want the split to happen on a zero

- 266 - Creating Crossfades, Fade Ins and Fade OutsThe Crossfade function allows you to create a smooth fade between two sections of audio. It also al

- 267 - Creating a CrossfadeThe two Events you crossfade between must play on the same audio channel(s). They should probably either be positioned edg

- 268 - 6. Drag the upper set of arrows to set the start and end points for the fade of the second file.If you want the fade to end later than you indi

- 269 - Creating Fade Ins and OutsA method very similar to the one above can be used to create a fade-in or out from only one file:1. Select the Crossf

- 27 - Recording Audio1. If you are only recording Audio, select Multi Record Merge mode.2. Create as many Audio Tracks as desired and set them all to

- 270 - Using Cycled Recording for assembling a “perfect” takeWhen you record several laps in a Cycle, only one Audio file is created. However, this is

- 271 - 7. Use the Masking, Splitting, Muting and Delete functions to assemble one single take out of all the ones you originally had.The same recordi

- 272 - Fitting Audio Events to the LoopYou may have an audio file with an inherent tempo that doesn’t fit the current Ar-rangement. Cubase VST then all

- 273 - 7. Click either, depending on your preference.The event now fits the Arrangement.The same event, after applying time correction.

- 274 - Changing the Volume and Panning of an EventAbout this Section - What Volume/Pan am I changing?In this section we deal with the “mechanics” of

- 275 - To change the volume/panning, proceed as follows:1. Select the Pencil from the Toolbox.2. If you want to make fine adjustments, press and hold

- 276 - Applying the same Curve to all Grouped EventsIf you have a number of Grouped events, you might want to give them all the same curve:1. Select

- 277 - Making an Event Play another SegmentYou can set which Segment an Event plays. Use this to make an already positioned Event play back another s

- 278 - 21Processing Audio Files 22

- 279 - IntroductionA number of processing functions specifically for audio are included in the pro-gram. These can be applied in a number of ways:• On

- 28 - 4. Click in the “R” column for the first Track you want to record on. A pop-up appears from which you can select one of five alternativesThe Mult

- 280 - The FunctionsReverseThis turns a recording backwards, just as when you turn a tape on a reel-to-reel re-corder backwards.SilenceThis replaces

- 281 - In this example, the loudest signal in the resulting file will have a level 3 dB below maximum.3. When you click OK, the file gets processed.● P

- 282 - 4. If you are pitch shifting vocal material, or other recordings with promi-nent resonant character, activate Formant Mode.5. If you want Time

- 283 - 22The Wave editor 23

- 284 - What is the Wave Editor?The Wave editor allows you to perform edits on your audio files. This includes Cut-ting and Pasting real audio data an

- 285 - Opening Wave Editor WindowsFrom the Audio editorTo open the Wave editor, displaying the segment and file played by an Event in the Audio editor

- 286 - Making a Window Display another FileIt is possible to make any of the open Wave editor windows display any of the files in the Pool:1. Pull dow

- 287 - Segment DisplayIn the waveform area, the currently selected segment is indicated in black with In-set arrows (see the Audio editor). We call t

- 288 - Using the Thumbnail• By dragging the black rectangle in the Thumbnail, you can scroll to any position.Dragging in the Thumbnail.Setting Magnifi

- 289 - Playing BackThe Play and Loop buttons.From any Position1. Firstly, make sure no audio is selected, by clicking somewhere in the waveform displ

- 29 - 4. Click in the “R” column for the first Track you want to record on. A pop-up appears from which you can select one of five alternatives (please

- 290 - SelectingA number of operations can be performed on the selected portion of the audio file. Making a selection in the Wave editor is very simil

- 291 - Working with segmentsMaking a segment ActiveAs described on page 287, one of the segments in the file is indicated in a special way. This is ca

- 292 - Moving the segment within the fileYou can also adjust the segment’s start and end points simultaneously, that is, es-sentially “move” the segme

- 293 - Cutting and Pasting AudioCaution!● Cut and Paste in the Wave editor performs permanent changes to your audio files. If you need to make sure yo

- 294 - 23Using an External Wave Editor 24

- 295 - Why use an external Wave Editor?Cubase VST has a built in Wave Editor. However, you might have a more advanced editor (such as Steinberg WaveL

- 296 - Setting which Wave Editor to useTo select which program to use for Wave editor, proceed like this:1. Pull down the Audio menu and select “Pref

- 297 - Editing in the selected Wave EditorOnce you have selected a Wave editor using the procedure described on the previ-ous pages, you can access i

- 298 - Opening the Wave Editor from the Pool1. Select the segment or audio file you want to edit.2. Pull down the Audio menu and select “Edit Audio”.T

- 299 - 24Mixing and using Effects 25

- 3 - Table of Contents 1

- 30 - Using Multi Track Recording to layer soundsIn Layer Mode you record the same information onto several Tracks (up to four). If each of the Track

- 300 - IntroductionThis chapter describes the general procedures of handling levels, pan, EQ and ef-fects to create a final, fully automated (if you l

- 301 - VolumeOn mixdown as well as during recording, the output level of each audio channel is controlled in two ways: with the faders in the Monitor

- 302 - PanningJust as with Volume, the pan (stereo position) of each audio channel can be control-led in two ways: with the Pan controls in the Monit

- 303 - EQCubase VST is equipped with a powerful equalizer. Depending on your computer, you can have up to 4 bands of full parametric EQ per audio cha

- 304 - 2. Use the arrow buttons in the top right corner to set the number of visible EQ modules.This helps you avoid “screen cluttering” by hiding un

- 305 - ● The maximum total number of EQ modules (for all channels together) is gov-erned by your computer. If you activate more EQ modules than your

- 306 - EffectsAbout the difference between the three Effect typesIn addition to the EQ, Cubase VST provide effects in three flavours:• Send effectsUp

- 307 - Routing an Audio Channel through the Send Effects1. Open the Monitor window.2. Click on the EQ button for the audio channel you want to add ef

- 308 - Selecting Effects and making settingsYou select effect types and programs in the Effects window:1. Pull down the Audio menu and select Effects

- 309 - 4. Pull down the pop-up menu in the processor’s upper right corner and se-lect an effect type.Exactly which effect types are available depends

- 31 - Options related to Multi Track RecordingUsing the Mixdown feature on the Structure menu you can merge a Multi Track re-cording into one Track s

- 310 - The three effect categoriesOn the Effect pop-up menus, the effects are organized in three categories:Effect type Description:No Effect If you

- 311 - About Cubase VST’s Implementation of Insert EffectsInserts are serialYou can apply up to four effects per channel. The signal passes through t

- 312 - Routing an Audio Channel through Insert Effects1. Open the Monitor window.2. Locate the audio channel you want to add insert effects to, and c

- 313 - Selecting and activating Master Effects1. Pull down the Audio menu and select “Master Effects”.The Master Effect rack appears. You could also

- 314 - Editing EffectsIf any of the preprogrammed effects suits you as it is, that is great. But you can also edit the effect parameters in each prog

- 315 - Editing Rack XPander EffectsEffects shown with the Rack XPander panel front have custom windows for mak-ing settings. You open these parameter

- 316 - 2. In the file dialog that appears, select a name and location for the file.It might be a good idea to prepare a special folder for your effects

- 317 - The Group MixerThe Group Mixer is a separate mixer, with eight Groups (stereo channel pairs). You can route several audio channels to the same

- 318 - Routing an Effect Send to a Group1. Open the EQ/FX Send window for an audio channel, by clicking on its EQ button in the Monitor Mixer or the

- 319 - Opening the Group MixerThere are two ways to display the Group Mixer:• Pull down the Audio menu and select “Group Mixer”,or• Open the Monitor

- 32 - 3The Arrangement - More on what you can do with Parts and Tracks 4

- 320 - Settings in the Group MixerThe channel strips in the Group mixer are identical to the strips in the Monitor Mixer. The descriptions of the Mon

- 321 - 2. For each of the four audio channels, pull down the pop-up menu at the bottom of the channel strip, and select “Grp 1”.This routes the outpu

- 322 - Volume and Pan Automation – Dynamic Events or Monitor MixerCubase VST offers two ways of automating volume and pan: the Dynamic Events set in

- 323 - Do not hesitate to combine the two methods of automation, simultaneously or dur-ing different parts of the Song. The settings you make in the

- 324 - Automating the Monitor mixerYour actions in the Monitor mixer window can be automated in a very straightfor-ward way: by “writing” them into a

- 325 - Recording your actions1. Open the Monitor window.If you want to record Group mixer actions, you can do this in the Monitor window or in the se

- 326 - Recording Mixer settings in Stop modeThe Write function works in Stop mode as well as during playback. If you activate Write when Cubase VST i

- 327 - Moving and Muting the Audiomix PartThe Audiomix Part can be handled as any Mixer Part:• If you want to turn off Monitor mixer automation from

- 328 - Editing the Audiomix PartThe Audiomix Part contains Mixer Events, which can be edited in List Edit:1. Select the Audiomix Part in the Arrange

- 329 - 7. Use the Pencil tool to redraw the curve, or the Eraser tool to delete Events.You can of course edit the values in the Value 2 column in the

- 33 - Creating PartsParts are normally created in one of three ways:• by recording (applies to Audio Parts, MIDI Parts and Drum Parts only, see the G

- 330 - Combining manual Mixing and/or two kinds of AutomationEven if you automate the volume or pan for an audio channel, you can still make a manual

- 331 - 25Installing and using external effect plug-ins 26

- 332 - About this chapterThis chapter describes how to install new effect plug-ins, for use as mixer effects or master effects. There are two basic k

- 333 - Using and Editing the EffectsAs described on page 308, plug-in effects are selected from the Effect pop-up menu in one of the three Effect win

- 334 - DirectX Plug-insInstallationTo be able to use DirectX plug-ins, you must first have DirectX installed on your computer. Therefore, DirectX 5 is

- 335 - ● Please note that a plug-in may be in use even if it isn’t “activated” in the left column! You might for example have opened a Song containin

- 336 - 26Importing and Exporting Audio 27

- 337 - Importing audio files into the ArrangementBy using the Import Audio function on the File menu, you can quickly import audio into your Arrangeme

- 338 - Mixing down to an audio fileThe Export Audio feature in Cubase VST allows you to mix down any number of audio tracks, complete with effects and

- 339 - 5. Decide whether you want to include automation and/or effects, by using the “Include” checkboxes.You can independently include the automatio

- 34 - Direct Creation of PartsThere are four ways to create an empty Part:• By double clicking in any empty (white) area between the Left and Right L

- 340 - 8. Select mono or stereo with the “Channels” radio buttons.You have three choices here: • You can make a mono file, in which case the left and

- 341 - About imported files and Audio TracksIf you choose to automatically import the audio file into the Arrangement, using the “Import to Audio Track

- 342 - 27Working with ReCycle files 28

- 343 - About ReCycleSteinberg ReCycle is a program specifically designed for working with sampled loops. Using ReCycle you can "slice" a loo

- 344 - Using ReCycle files in VSTTo ReCycle a file for use in Cubase VST, proceed as follows:1. Locate the file on disk and open it in ReCycle.This can

- 345 - • If you need to re-import the file into the Arrangement, drag the file item from the Pool to the Arrangement, as with any other file. A new Part

- 346 - About tempo changes and the last Segment(s)Sometimes you may import a ReCycle file into an Arrangement with a faster tempo than that of the ori

- 347 - 4. Import the ReCycle file from disk.5. In the dialog that appears, the program suggests an appropriate number of channels to ensure that no ov

- 348 - Editing Tips and Tricks• You can completely re-assemble your drum patterns by editing slices in the audio editor for example creating variatio

- 349 - 28Making the Most of the Event/Segment Relationship 29

- 35 - Selecting overlapping PartsTo display overlapped Parts in an Arrangement, use the Select Overlap item in the Edit menu. This will select all Pa

- 350 - What is an Event really?An Audio Event is an item in Cubase VST that contains three pieces of informa-tion:• A reference to a segment.• A star

- 351 - Copying Audio EventsThere are two principal ways of copying Audio Events in Cubase VST: “normal” copying and Ghost copying. These two methods

- 352 - When are Ghost Events created?Ghost Events are created when you perform the following operations:• When you ghost copy an Event in the Audio e

- 353 - Converting a Ghost Event to a “normal” EventIf you find that you want to edit one Event without affecting its Ghost Copies, you have to convert

- 354 - 29Optimizing Audio Performance 30

- 355 - IntroductionThis chapter contains several different sections:• Information about the components in your computer system and how they affect au

- 356 - About Audio CardsWhich cards will work?Cubase VST works with any audio card that meets the following requirements:• 16 bit audio recording and

- 357 - Outputs – Stereo and Multi Output CardsStereo Only cardsStandard PC Audio cards, accessed via the ASIO Multimedia or DirectX driver, normally

- 358 - Using the DirectX driverCubase VST supports DirectX, or to be more precise, DirectX, which is a part of the Microsoft DirectX Foundation packa

- 359 - Computer Performance and Audio ChannelsThe number of audio channels you get from your system depends on a number of factors. These factors are

- 36 - Merging PartsMerging one Part with another adds all Events in the first Part to the second. It is done like this:1. Hold down [Alt]+[Control] o

- 360 - Disk Controller CardThe controller card for the hard disk is the next possible bottleneck:● We recommend that you use a controller card connec

- 361 - Other hard disk considerations• Make sure the hard disk does not have automatic “thermal recalibration”. Or, at least use a hard disk that onl

- 362 - Audio System SettingsCubase allows you to set the number of audio channels you want to use to in the program. The maximum number of audio chan

- 363 - As you can see, there is a quite involved relation between these three parameters. To ensure the best HD/audio performance, you would raise th

- 364 - ASIO Control PanelIf the driver supports it, this button brings up a window with settings specific to the audio card.• For the ASIO Multimedia

- 365 - File Cache SchemeVirtual Tape Recorder/Audio SequencerThis pop-up allows you to select one of three methods for audio playback file cach-ing.He

- 366 - MIDI Sync ReferenceThis determines what clock source MIDI playback will use.• If Time Code is selected, the MIDI playback will always be in ti

- 367 - Enable Audio only during PlayNormally, after Cubase VST has established connection to the audio hardware, it starts sending a continuous strea

- 368 - Save your System settings!Some of the settings in the System Setup dialog are saved automatically in the Cu-base VST preferences, while others

- 369 - The ASIO Multimedia Setup dialogWhen the ASIO Multimedia driver is selected (see page 363), you can use the ASIO Multimedia Setup dialog to ma

- 37 - About Cut, Copy & PasteYou can use Cut, Copy and Paste ([Control]-[X], [Control]-[C] and [Control]-[V]) to rearrange your Parts within the

- 370 - • If you are using a single audio card, and the pop-up list contains a Preset for it, you should select this.There may be several Presets for

- 371 - Below, you will find a general working procedure followed by descriptions of all parameters and controls in the dialog.Changing the settings in

- 372 - Output and Input Port listsHere, all available Input and Output Ports are listed, together with a number of set-tings. To change a setting, do

- 373 - About Audio Buffers and Buffer SizeWhen Cubase VST receives or sends out data to an audio card, it passes via a buffer, a temporary storage ar

- 374 - Sync Reference pop-upThis setting is used to select a method of “synchronizing” the MIDI playback to the audio. There are two different method

- 375 - Card OptionsThis pop-up menu contains four additional settings:About the “Use 16-Bit only” optionThis option determines the sample bit resolut

- 376 - PresetsAs in the basic ASIO Multimedia Setup dialog, you can select a Preset from this pop-up menu. However, in the Advanced dialog, you can a

- 377 - The Check Buffers and Sync dialogThis dialog is opened by clicking the “Check Buffers and Sync” button in the Ad-vanced Options dialog. In a s

- 380 - 6. Click “Start”.The test begins. The duration of the test is indicated by the progress bar below the Test Period slider.• If the “Sync lost”

- 379 - Using the ASIO DirectX DriverMicrosoft DirectX is a set of standards and routines for handling various kinds of multimedia under Windows95 and

- 38 - Part Operations using the ToolboxResizing PartsYou can change the length of a Part using the Pencil tool. There are two ways of do-ing this:• P

- 380 - Installing a DirectX driver for your audio cardAt this point, there are three possibilities:• A driver for you audio card may be included in t

- 381 - Conclusion: When should I use the DirectX driver?Since both the DirectX and Multimedia drivers have limitations, you may want to combine these

- 382 - Methods of Optimizing PerformanceUsing Stereo/Mono and Sample Rate settings to gain more channelsIf your computer system limits the number of

- 383 - Maintaining the Hard DiskDefragment!Always make sure your hard disk is defragmented. Fragmentation affects the per-formance of any hard disk s

- 384 - 30The Master Track 31

- 385 - What is the Master Track?Cubase VST has a Master Track, a special "hidden" Track that contains all the tempo and time signature chan

- 386 - Opening the Graphic EditorYou can open the graphic Master Track editor in two ways:• By selecting Mastertrack Graphic from the Edit menu.• By

- 387 - The Window SectionsThe central display in the Graphic editor is divided into six sections. Some of these can be hidden using the group of butt

- 388 - About the Tempo DisplayThe Tempo Display behaves very much like the Continuous Data Display in for ex-ample Key Edit. For a basic introduction

- 389 - About Rulers and Positions The Master Track editor has two rulers, one above and one below the Tempo Dis-play. The upper ruler shows meter (ba

- 39 - Deleting PartsThis is done with the Eraser tool. Select the Eraser and click on the Parts you want to delete. If you hold down [Alt] while doin

- 390 - Switching between Meter and Time based DisplayNormally, the meter ruler will be linear, that is, there will be equal distance between all bars

- 391 - Moving around and setting Song PositionSince the Master Track is basically an editor like any other, moving around and set-ting Song position

- 392 - About HitpointsThe Master Track editor also adds “Hitpoints” to Cubase VST. These are used to match time positions to meter positions, for exa

- 393 - Activate Master!● For the Tempo and Time Signature changes to have any effect on playback, you must turn on the Master button on the Transport

- 394 - Recording Tempo ChangesRecording Tempo Changes in the Graphic EditorTo record tempo changes using the mouse, proceed as follows:1. Select a Sn

- 395 - ● The recording you make overwrites any earlier recordings at the same posi-tions (The Master Track editor always records in “Replace Mode”).R

- 396 - SelectingTempo EventsSelecting in the tempo graph is done as everywhere else in Cubase VST:• Clicking on one Event selects it.• If you hold do

- 397 - Time Signature Events and HitpointsSelecting Time Signature Events (and "Hitpoints", see the next chapter) is done in exactly the sa

- 398 - Editing on the Info LineWhen you select one and only one Event its settings appear on the Info Line. • All types of Events have a Time and a M

- 399 - Redrawing the Tempo CurveIf you select the Pencil from the Toolbox and drag over an existing tempo curve, you will change the values of the te

- 4 - 10 How Cubase VST handles audio and MIDI 11 Why you should read this Chapter11 Audio Channels vs Tracks13 Audio Files14 Audio Segments and Ev

- 40 - Splitting into several Parts1. Hold down [Alt].2. Split the Part as described above.The Part will be split up into many Parts, all with the len

- 400 - Drawing new EventsTempo EventsDrawing one Event1. Set the Snap value.You can only input Events at the closest Snap position.2. Select the Penc

- 401 - Moving Events Using the MouseIf you have one or more Events selected (even of different types) you can move them using the mouse, just as with

- 402 - ● When you delete a Tempo or Time Signature Event, you actually remove a change in Tempo/Time Signature. Since you remove the change, the prev

- 403 - Reducing the number of Tempo EventsAs a result of a tempo recording you may have an overly dense tempo curve, which might make the screen redr

- 404 - Numerical processing of Tempo EventsThe Tempo Processor dialog, located on the pop-up Do menu, is the equivalent of a fit time calculator. It i

- 405 - Here are the details: 1. To use this function, select one or more tempi that make up a range of bars, but do not include the last tempo in the

- 406 - The Master Track List EditorCubase VST also features a list editor for Tempi, Time Signatures and Hitpoints. You can use this instead of the G

- 407 - Selecting a Time Format and Hiding Event TypesUsing the upper part of the pop-up Options menu at the top of the window, you can select a forma

- 408 - ● You can not move the first Tempo and Time Signature Event.Deleting Events1. Select the Event(s) you want to delete.You can use [Shift] to sel

- 409 - Moving Master Track data between ArrangementsAs you know, you can have several Arrangements open at the same time. Each Ar-rangement has its o

- 41 - Joining several PartsMonitoring PartsYou can listen to the contents of a Part with the Magnifying glass tool.1. Select the magnifying glass fro

- 410 - 31Hitpoints 32

- 411 - What can I do with Hitpoints?Hitpoints are basically used for matching time positions to meter positions, by in-serting – and changing the val

- 412 - Meter Hits always appear on meter positions (bars, beats etc) and Time Hits are al-ways on time positions (for example displayed as time code)

- 413 - Setting Out HitpointsUsing the MouseThe obvious way of setting out Hitpoints is using the Pencil in the Toolbox. This works just as with Time

- 414 - MirrorThis function will mirror the selected Hitpoints onto the "other side". A Time Hit will get a Meter Hit at the corresponding p

- 415 - Editing HitpointsMoving and Naming using the Info LineJust as with Tempo Events and Time Signatures, Hitpoints can be edited one by one on the

- 416 - QuantizingMeter Hits can be Quantized. This is probably most useful together with the Mirror & Link function as described on page 419. Com

- 417 - Playing back Hitpoints via MIDIYou can get audible feedback on the position of a Hitpoint. While this is probably most useful for Time Hits, i

- 418 - Linking HitpointsLinking Hitpoints is a way of telling the Master Track editor which Meter and Time Hits belong together. The program can then

- 419 - When DrawingIf you hold down [Alt] while drawing a Hitpoint you automatically get a linked Hit-point right above/below it.Breaking LinksIf you

- 42 - Match QuantizingWhy Match Quantize?Match Quantizing allows you to match the feel of one Part with the feel of another. If you for instance have

- 420 - Working with Tempo MatchingThe Tempo Matching feature of the Master Track editor is best suited for finding suitable tempi for shorter spots or

- 421 - 4. Use the Hitpoint MIDI playback function (see page 417) to verify that the Hits actually happen when they should.5. Decide for a Snap settin

- 422 - Using Auto Tempo ScanIf adjusting the tempo as in the Process above feels like too much work, the Master Track editor can do it for you.1. Set

- 423 - Proceeding from hereIf you have found a tempo that you would like to use, but not all Hits match, or you think you have raised the Tolerance t

- 424 - Working with Straighten UpStraighten Up is a function, and as all others in the Master Track editor it is located on the pop-up Do menu. Strai

- 425 - 5. Draw in, or use MIDI to insert a Time Hit where the music will start.6. Draw a Meter Hit on Bar 1, and link it to the Time Hit.7. Now selec

- 426 - Synchronizing to existing music and recovering lost Sync TracksIt is not uncommon to have to synchronise MIDI sequencing to existing music. To

- 427 - 9. Now select Straighten Up, and the tempo will get adjusted so that these two points line up.If the tempo was changed too much, you might hav

- 428 - Tempo Mapping "freely recorded" Music using Time Locked TracksThe Master Track editor interacts with Cubase VST’s Time Locked Tracks

- 429 - Repositioning "freely recorded" MusicMany musicians find it constraining to record in time with a metronome. With the Master Track ed

- 43 - 2. Select the Match Quantize (Q) tool.3. Drag the Part with the desired feel, to the Part you want to Quantize.4. Release the mouse button.A di

- 430 - 11.Select Straighten Up, and when the dialog box appears, verify that it is OK to insert new Tempo Events.12.Play back the Track and examine i

- 431 - 32Matching Audio and Tempo 33

- 432 - IntroductionThis chapter describes Cubase VST’s features for matching the tempo of the audio to the MIDI playback tempo and vice versa. These

- 433 - Adding and Editing Match Points in the EditorMatch points, or M-Points, are “markers” within an Audio Event, used to indicate significant posit

- 434 - • If you don’t want to experiment with different settings, click the Default Settings button.2. When you have made the desired settings, click

- 435 - 4. Pull down the Audio pop-up menu and select Hitpoint to M-Point.The selected Time Hitpoint is converted to a Match Point, which you later ca

- 436 - Making the Playback Tempo follow the AudioThere are two ways to do this:• Use Hitpoint Match mode to find the closest tempo match, and insert o

- 437 - This will display vertical lines rising from the Match Points. If the position of the Match Points coincide with the Snap value, the lines wil

- 438 - 7. Move the slider and try to find the position where as many as possible of the vertical lines are fully drawn (matching).To reset the slider

- 439 - Creating a Tempo MapFor this to work, Match Points should be inserted throughout the whole Event, and preferably evenly distributed, for examp

- 44 - Using Match Quantize with Audio PartsThis is described in the chapter “The Audio Editor”.Using Match Quantize with Chord PartsThe Match Quantiz

- 440 - If everything is OK, you should get a number of roughly vertical lines (if you made a good estimation of the audio tempo in step 2 above). If

- 441 - Making the Audio Follow the TempoThis means changing the length of the audio file, to make it fit the playback tempo. One reason to do this (ins

- 442 - 5. Select a Stretch percentage range from the pop-up below the slider.This determines the maximum stretch range with the slider. If you for ex

- 443 - 4. Select Fill Meter Hitpoints from the Do pop-up menu.Meter Hitpoints are inserted in the area above the tempo curve, spaced ac-cording to th

- 444 - If your Audio Event is partly right in TimingIf some parts of the Audio are in timing but some are not, a special situation arises. For exampl

- 445 - The essence of this is:● Always put one Match Point before and one after the sections you want to quantize, at the nearest beats (or other mus

- 446 - Creating a Groove templateWith this feature, an audio file is used as a source for a new groove template. The template is added to the Groove Q

- 447 - Using Snip at M-points This function (found on the Do pop-up menu in the Audio editor) allows you to take a rhythmic piece of audio (for examp

- 448 - Why not lower the Tempo as well?Of course you can lower the tempo with this function. The individual Events will start at the correct position

- 449 - 33Time Locked Tracks 34

- 45 - Ghost PartsA Ghost Part is a linked copy of an existing Part. This means that even though the original and the copy share contents (notes and o

- 450 - What are Time Locked Tracks?Events on Time Locked Tracks are fixed in time. This means that even if you change the tempo, the Events will stay

- 451 - Turning Time Lock On and OffA Track can at any time be switched in and out of Time lock mode. But when you switch a Track out of time locked m

- 452 - 34Synchronization 35

- 453 - IntroductionSynchronizing is when you make two pieces of equipment agree on time or tempo. You can establish synchronization between Cubase VS

- 454 - Cubase VST – Master Or Slave?When you set up a synchronization system you must decide which unit is the mas-ter. All other devices are then sl

- 455 - Synchronization and audio playbackSynchronizing digital audio material with the “real world” raises many issues which are not immediately appa

- 456 - If you now set the MIDI Sync Reference setting in the Audio System dialog to Time Code, and Cubase VST receives time code, it will vary its ov

- 457 - Chose your Audio Timing ReferenceIn the System dialog there are two settings the are related to sync (see page 364):• The MIDI Sync Reference

- 458 - The Synchronization Dialog BoxThis dialog box is used for setting up everything that has to do with Cubase VST’s synchronization to other unit

- 459 - Internal Sync - No External Synchronization usedWhen no external synchronization source is used at all, it actually doesn’t matter what settin

- 46 - Using the “Repeat” functionThis function lets you repeat one or several Parts, on the same or different Tracks:1. Select the Part(s) you want t

- 460 - Synchronizing Cubase VST to MIDI Time Code (MTC)You might have a device which transmits time code in a MIDI cable – MIDI Time Code (MTC).There

- 461 - 5. Use the Song Start value to set which frame on the tape that should cor-respond to the beginning of the Song (position 1.1.0 in Cubase VST)

- 462 - About Frame RatesThe Frame Rate is the number of frames per second in a film or on a video tape. Just as there is always sixty seconds to a min

- 463 - Synchronizing Cubase VST to another MIDI Device via MIDI Clock● This method should only be used for MIDI-only material.If you want Cubase VST

- 464 - 6. Set up the other device to transmit MIDI clocks, and Start it. Cubase VST will automatically start and play in the same tempo as the other

- 465 - Synchronizing other Equipment to Cubase VSTYou may have other MIDI devices which you may want to synchronize Cubase VST to. There are two type

- 466 - Transmitting Synchronization Signals while Cubase VST is synchronized to an External Source• Cubase VST can be synchronized to an external sou

- 467 - Song StartThis is the position on the time code tape that will make Cubase VST start the song from the beginning. If you for example set this

- 468 - Bar DisplayBy the same token as with Time Display Offset you can here set the number of the first Bar in the Song. This allows you to record be

- 469 - MROS Resolution and System PrerollMROS ResolutionThis allows you to set the playback resolution of the program. Cubase VST normally gives MIDI

- 47 - Cut EventsThis command makes sure that all Events in a Part end where the Part ends and no later. It only applies to Events which have a length

- 470 - Sync OptionsLock TimeUsing this field you can set how many frames of “correct” time code Cubase VST should receive before attempting “lock” (sy

- 471 - 35Customizing Cubase VST 36

- 472 - Why Customize?When you use Cubase VST the first time, all settings in the program have “factory values”. Depending on your working style, what

- 473 - Examples of things to customizeBelow follows a brief list of candidates for customizing. At this point you might not understand what all the f

- 474 - Audio SettingsIn the Monitor and other VST windows you can name buses, set up effects, EQ, panning and a lot of other things to create your ow

- 475 - Saving the Startup SongOnce you have set up the Song, perform the following steps.1. Pull down the File menu and select “Save As...”.2. From t

- 476 - 36Keyboard Commands 37

- 477 - What This Chapter ContainsThe following is a list of the keyboard short-cuts for many of Cubase VST's func-tions.Numeric KeypadKey Comman

- 478 - Typewriter KeyboardThe various key commands are grouped after their contexts, to make it easier to find what you’re looking for:File Handling a

- 479 - Window HandlingKey Command: Function:[Control]-[N] New Arrange window[Control]-[W] Close active window[Return] Close editor or "click but

- 48 - Global InsertGlobal Insert is the opposite of Global Cut; an empty area is inserted between the Locator Positions (on all Tracks):1. Set the Le

- 480 - Transport Bar functionsKey Command: Function:Page Up ForwardPage Down Rewind[P] Set Meter Position[Shift]-[P] Set Time Position[Shift]-[T] Set

- 481 - General Selection and EditingKey Command: Function:[Control]-[A] Select All Parts/Events[Backspace] Delete Selection[Control]-[Backspace] Perm

- 482 - Arrange Window Selection and EditingKey Command: Function:[→] Select Next Part[←] Select Previous Part[↑] Go one Track up[↓] Go one Track down

- 483 - All MIDI Editor windows• In all MIDI Editors, the arrow keys can be used in combination with the [Shift] key to select several notes.Key Edit

- 484 - Score Edit onlyList Edit onlyPool functionsMIDI Mixer Window onlyKey Command: Function:[→] Next Note[←] Previous Note[↓] Next Staff[↑] Previou

- 485 - Index 38

- 486 - AAccelerandi 402Active Part 94AftertouchDeleting 112Editing 110Filtering 183In List Edit 137In Logical Edit 171Selecting Events In Editors 112

- 487 - ColorEditing 96In Audio Editor 239In MIDI Editors 95Comment (Score Edit) 161Compression 61Conditions 170Controller DisplayDrum Edit 110, 112Ke

- 488 - DuplicateAudio Events 253Master Track Events 401MIDI Events 101Parts 38Segments 218Dynamic EventsAbout 274Displaying 237, 274Editing 274EEasy

- 489 - GGenerate SMPTE 457Get Info 35Get M-Points 433Ghost Audio EventsAbout 351Converting 353Creating 254, 352Selecting Segment for 277vs "Norm

- 49 - Copy RangeThis command is used to copy a section of the music, on several Tracks, to some other position in the Arrangement:1. Set the Left and

- 490 - JJoining Parts 40KKeep Linked 415Keep Note 100Keep Selected 415Key Signature 152Keyboard Commands 476KickersEditors 107Master Track 415LLanesA

- 491 - MIDI ClockSync to 463Transmitting 465MIDI Connector Button 108MIDI In Button 114, 413MIDI Input 108MIDI Mute Button 301MIDI OutputAbout 16Mult

- 492 - OOffset (Audio Input/Output Port) 372Output (MIDI)About 16Drum Tracks 125Outputs (Audio)About 195Routing Buses to 201PPaint Brush Tool 105, 13

- 493 - QQ Tool, see Match QuantizeQ-PointsAbout 233, 247Displaying 247Grouped Events 263Setting Automatically 248Setting Manually 247QuantizeAudio (b

- 494 - Snap 104Snap to Zero 234, 246Snip at M-points 447Snip Loop 265SoloAudio Monitor Mixer 301Drum Edit 132Edit Solo 92Recording 73Song Start Offse

- 495 - Track ClassConverting Between MIDI And DrumTracks 134TracksActive 240Audio 11Drum Tracks 122Group 82Name in Score 154Tranforming MIDI data 187

- 5 - 119 Key Edit 120 About this “Chapter” 121 Drum Edit and Drum Tracks 122 About Drum Tracks and Drum Parts123 About Drum Maps125 About Output an

- 50 - Remix TrackThis command works differently for different Track Classes:With MIDI TracksIf you have one or several MIDI Parts containing Events o

- 51 - Using Remix with Drum TracksRemix Track splits up the Drum Track into several new Tracks, one per used Sound in the Drum Track. The new Tracks

- 52 - Mix DownMix down allows you to merge all Parts on some (or all) MIDI, Audio or Drum Tracks into one composite Part.With MIDI and Drum TracksWhe

- 53 - • Drum Tracks are mixed down after the O-Note setting in the Drum Map (see page 123).• Tracks that are included in the mixdown can be set to MI

- 54 - 4Instruments 5

- 55 - About InstrumentsIn Cubase VST, you can define a combination of a certain MIDI Output and a cer-tain MIDI Channel as an “Instrument”. Instrument

- 56 - Selecting an Instrument already definedThere are two ways to select an Instrument for a Track:• Press the mouse button with the pointer in the I

- 57 - 5Inspector Real Time Parameters 6

- 58 - What can I do with the Inspector?● This chapter applies to MIDI Tracks and Parts only. For Audio Tracks, the In-spector is mainly used for enab

- 59 - The ParametersVolumeMIDI contains a number of different "Controllers", that is messages for continu-ously changing aspects of a sound

- 6 - 207 The Audio Pool 208 Introduction208 Overview of the Window209 Displaying Segments210 The Headings and Columns211 Customizing the View212 Fi

- 60 - VelocityThis value is used to change the dynamics of a MIDI or Drum Part. The value in this field is added to the velocity of each note message

- 61 - CompressionThis parameter acts on MIDI and Drum Parts and can be made to compress or ex-pand the dynamic range of MIDI notes. It does this by a

- 62 - 6Program Changes and MIDI Volume 7

- 63 - Why you should read this ChapterWhen you arrange in Cubase VST you will find yourself spending some time se-lecting Programs and setting Volumes

- 64 - ● As described in the “Track columns and the Inspector” chapter in the Getting Started book, the Prg field in the Inspector will show a GM Progr

- 65 - Program Change and DelayMany devices shut off their sound momentarily when they switch to a new Pro-gram. Other devices don’t, but still might

- 66 - Selecting Programs in the GM/GS/XG EditorAs stated in the Getting Started book, you can also use the GM/GS/XG Editor to send Program Change mes

- 67 - Finding Program Change messages in PartsIf you are unsure of if a Part contains Program Change messages there are two easy ways to find out:Meth

- 68 - Now only Program Change messages are shown in the List.Which should I choose?Well it’s of course up to you. The only advice we’d like to give i

- 69 - About Bank SelectWith Program Change messages, you are able to select between 128 different pro-grams in your MIDI device. However, many MIDI i

- 7 - 283 The Wave editor 284 What is the Wave Editor?284 Precautions284 About the Wave Editor Preference setting285 Opening Wave Editor Windows286

- 70 - MIDI VolumeMIDI Volume is a MIDI Controller message, Controller 7 to be exact. When a de-vice receives MIDI Volume messages it is supposed to a

- 71 - Which should I choose?Again – it’s your choice, but the table might give some advice:About ChaseChase is a function that makes sure your device

- 72 - 7Programming and Recording Mutes and Solo 8

- 73 - Pre-programming MutesYou can define and store up to ten Track Mute settings. These can be used for in-stant recall of any combination of muted T

- 74 - 2. Select a MIDI Track to record the Mutes on.You should not select a MIDI Track onto which you have recorded music. We strongly recommend you

- 75 - About editing recorded MutesIf you need to edit or delete your recorded Mute Events, this is done in List Edit. The Mute Events are shown just

- 76 - 8Groups 9

- 77 - About Groups● Audio Parts cannot be Grouped.Defining a Group is a way to make Cubase VST look at several Parts as one entity. This allows you to

- 78 - How to use Groups - the basic stepsUsing Groups can be broken down into the following steps:1. Use the “Build Group” command to assemble Parts

- 79 - Adding Parts to a GroupIf you already have created a Group, but want to add one or more Parts to it, pro-ceed as follows:1. If the Group List i

- 8 - 384 The Master Track 385 What is the Master Track?386 Opening the Graphic Editor387 The Window Sections388 About the Tempo Display388 About Ti

- 80 - Replacing all Parts in a Group with new PartsThis function is used when you already have created a Group with a certain name, and want to keep

- 81 - Using GroupsThe Group ListOn the right side of the Arrange window a special column can be made to appear, containing all the Groups. This list,

- 82 - Deleting a Group from the Group List• Drag the Group past the top or bottom of the Group List.This deletes the whole Group. The individual Part

- 83 - Placing Groups on Group TracksAs explained earlier, you need at least one Group Track to place the Groups on. You also need to have the Group L

- 84 - About Parts and Group Parts• A Part can be used as it is, even though you have put it into a Group. Therefore, you might have to Mute a Track i

- 85 - Placing Groups on a Group Track during playbackIt is possible to actually build the Group Track in real-time, while the music is play-ing:1. St

- 86 - Performing the Unpacking1. Select the Group Part (on the Group Track) that is to be Unpacked. 2. Select Unpack Group from the Structure menu. O

- 87 - 9The MIDI Editors - General Information 10

- 88 - About this ChapterThis chapter is similar to the chapter “An Introduction to the MIDI Editors” in the Getting Started book, but contains more d

- 89 - Opening an EditorIf you double click on a Part, if appropriate, a default editor is opened. Exactly which editor opens, is determined by the Tr

- 9 - 471 Customizing Cubase VST 472 Why Customize?473 Examples of things to customize475 Saving the Startup Song475 Starting from other Song docume

- 90 - Opening several editors at onceNormally you will want to use one editor at a time for a Part or a selection of Parts. If you for example have K

- 91 - Closing an EditorAs described in the Getting Started book, when closing an editor, you can choose between keeping the changes you made, and can

- 92 - Editing music during playbackTo make changes to the music while you are actually listening to it, is probably the most practical way to work. T

- 93 - Turning the Loop on or off• Turn the Loop on/off by clicking on its button or by pressing [Alt]+[Con-trol]-[O].For this to work, you have to de

- 94 - How Events are displayed in the EditorsThis is where the various editors differ most. The different representations of Events are described in

- 95 - Coloring notes in the editorsIn Key, List and Drum Edit, you can use the Color menu on the Status Bar to add color to the notes.● If you run Cu

- 96 - Editing ColorIf you have selected Channel, Pitch or Velocity colors, an extra item appears at the bottom of the pop-up menu. This is used to se

- 97 - Moving around and the Goto pop-up menuYou can move directly to certain useful positions in an editor by selecting from the Goto menu on the Fun

- 98 - Monitoring Events in the EditorsAs already mentioned, you can have playback running while you are editing. And, you can also use the cue functi

- 99 - Selecting Events from different PartsYou can select Events from both an active and an inactive Part:1. Select the Events you want in the active